III.  Technology Fields

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D.  Biometrics

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Biometrics (e.g., DNA, retinal scans, signature dynamics) can be useful authentication technologies in situations where the subject is physically present and under supervision, but are not as useful as PKI technology for authenticating identity at a distance, such at another point on the Internet.  Smart cards containing PKI technology can be protected from compromise by adding biometrics as a third security device (WHO YOU ARE) to physical possession of a token (WHAT YOU HAVE) and knowledge of a secret passphrase (WHAT YOU KNOW). 

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  Spring 1998 - Jueneman, Robert R. <Novell, Inc., bjueneman@novell.com> and Robertson, R. J., Jr. <Southern Illinois Univ School of Law> , "Biometrics and Digital Signatures in Electronic Commerce," 38 Jurimetrics  447 (ABA Section of Science & Technology Spring 1998)